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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WWII
Films: U.S. Propaganda And Morale Films DVD, Download, USB Drive
February 4: National Hemp Day: -- An
annual observance that proudly weaves a celebration surrounding an
industry with a long and innovative history. Did you know hemp has
been a part of human civilization for thousands of years? The
world's earliest civilizations used hemp fibers to make fabric for
clothing and other materials. Even America's founding fathers
drafted early documents on hemp paper. During the last century,
leaders used a "Hemp for Victory" campaign during WWII
to encourage farmers to grow hemp for military use. Since then,
hemp has been an essential material in the innovation of several
industries. For example, shipping, construction, and textiles rely
on hemp for numerous products. The construction industry started
using hemp in place of concrete (known as hempcrete) since it is
windproof and offers a lower carbon footprint. The Industrial Hemp
Pilot Program allowed several states to grow, cultivate, and
process hemp for agricultural purposes. These programs brought
thousands of new jobs to an industry that had long been considered
obsolete because of the Schedule I classification of hemp (the
same classification as heroin and LSD). In 2018, the hemp industry
celebrated a massive win with the passage of the Farm Bill. Hemp -
including the leaves, stalks, and stems - has since been
rescheduled to a Schedule V classification, the same as OTC
low-dose codeine. As a result, the growing, producing, and
distribution of hemp are legal on a national level. Products made
from hemp such as CBD, clothing, plastics, paint, insulation, and
biofuels will now be more readily available. The passing of the
2018 Farm Bill brings massive growth potential. Some publications
estimate that the hemp industry will become a multi-billion dollar
industry for the United States. It's easy: support your hemp
farmers and research hemp-derived products. Celebrate the history
of hemp and the farmers who work so hard to grow it. Check out the
products they have to offer; hemp can be found anywhere, from
soaps and shampoos to socks and shorts. Join other hemp supporters
on social media by using the hashtag #NationalHempDay on Feb. 4th!
cbdMD founded National Hemp Day in 2019 to celebrate the hemp
plants' illustrious past. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WPIX at
40! (1988) New York City's TV Channel 11 DVD, Download, USB
February 4: Liberace Day: -- February 4,
1987: #DOTD: #RIP: Liberace, American pianist, singer, actor and
entertainer (b. May 16, 1919) #dies in the late morning of
pneumonia as a result of AIDS at his retreat home in Palm Springs,
California, at the age of 67. He is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial
Park in Glendale, Hollywood Hills, California. Liberace was born
Wladziu Valentino Liberace in West Milwaukee, Wisconsin to parents
of Italian and Polish origin. A child prodigy, Liberace enjoyed a
career spanning four decades of concerts, recordings, television,
motion pictures, and endorsements. At the height of his fame, from
the 1950s to the 1970s, Liberace was the highest-paid entertainer
in the world, with established concert residencies in Las Vegas,
and an international touring schedule. Liberace embraced a
lifestyle of flamboyant excess both on and off stage, acquiring
the nickname "Mr. Showmanship". Liberace learned to play
the piano by ear at the wee age of four. His father (a classical
musician) scrimped and saved to enroll his son in music lessons in
the hopes that Liberace would go the classical music route too.
But things turned out differently. Before making it big, Liberace
played in clubs, theaters, and at weddings. He got through the
Great Depression by playing in cabarets and strip clubs under the
moniker "Walter Busterkeys." By the early 1940s, he
began touring the Midwest. His dream was to play for the masses
instead of a niche, classical crowd. Liberace's signature sound
combined elements of pop, classical, ragtime, and honky-tonk - a
fresh sound that appealed to what would soon become a massive fan
base. In the 1940s, he went on to perform in major shows across
the United States. This was when he found his space and identity
as an entertainer. Although Las Vegas was like a second home to
him, he performed throughout the country. Liberace's shows were
famously over the top and left everyone star-struck. Although he
left fans mesmerized, his critics felt that the extravagance was a
distraction from a lack of "real" musical talent. In
August 1985, Liberace was diagnosed with H.I.V. The musician chose
to keep his illness a secret and never sought treatment.
Liberace's last television appearance was on "The Oprah
Winfrey Show" in December 1986. On February 4, 1987, he died
from pneumonia as a result of AIDS. He lives on through his music,
and Liberace Day is celebrated on February 4 of every year. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: United
Nations Documentaries Set: 2 MP4 Downloads Or 2 DVDs
February 4: International Day Of Human
Fraternity: -- Aims to generate love for people everywhere, across
every religion, caste, and race. This day is about building a
fraternity where each person embraces another, complete with
beliefs and religious bents. International Day of Human Fraternity
is held in, and kicks off, World Interfaith Harmony Week, which is
held on the first week of February every year. History is rife
with tales of fraught relations between people of different, well,
everything (race, religion, gender, and so on). History is also
full of tales of leaders who tried to restore peace and preach
tolerance. One such tale led to the formation of this day. Seeing
how discord is becoming more prevalent globally, Pope Francis
joined hands with the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar (Cairo), Sheikh Ahmad
Al-Tayyeb, to create a very special document. After six months of
drafting it, on 4 February 2019, they announced the existence of
this document together during Pope Francis' visit to the United
Arab Emirates. Called the 'Document on Human Fraternity for World
Peace and Living Together,' this document inspired the foundation
of the Higher Committee of Human Fraternity, which aspires to turn
the ideas in this document into reality. This committee is mostly
made up of international religious leaders, scholars, and cultural
leaders. In December 2019, members of this Higher Committee met
with the U.N. General Secretary, Antonio Guterres, with a proposal
by the Pope and the Grand Imam, that February 4 henceforth be the
World Day of Human Fraternity. The U.N. General Assembly soon
proclaimed February 4 as the World Day of Human Fraternity,
introducing it via their General Assembly president, Volkan
Bozkir. The Higher Committee also created a 'Zayed Award for Human
Fraternity,' establishing an independent jury to receive nominees
and choose awardees from those who have dedicated their lives to
human fraternity, mutual understanding, and peace. The awards are
given on the International Day of Human Fraternity. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Cable Age Classics Vol. 4 MP4 Video Download DVD
February 4: World Cancer Day: -- Sooner
or later, it seems, cancer has an impact on us all. That's why
today is an important day to raise awareness about prevention,
detection, and treatment. Started by the Union for International
Cancer Control in 2008, World Cancer Day activities seek to
significantly reduce illness and death caused by cancer. Today's
aim is to inform and encourage people on its prevention, early
detection, and treatment. This initiative was taken by the Union
for International Cancer Control to campaign and advocate for the
targets of the World Cancer Declaration, penned in 2008. According
to the World Health Organization, Cancer is one of the leading
causes of death worldwide. The Union for International Cancer
Control (UICC) was established in 1993. Based in Geneva, it is a
membership-based society working towards the eradication of cancer
around the world and advancing medical research. Under its
direction, the first International Cancer Day was celebrated in
Geneva, Switzerland in the same year. Several well-known
organizations, cancer societies, and treatment centers also
supported this initiative. World Cancer Day was made official at
the first World Summit Against Cancer in 2000. The event took
place in Paris and was attended by members of cancer organizations
and prominent government leaders from around the world. A document
titled the 'Charter of Paris Against Cancer,' featuring 10
articles, was signed, outlining a global commitment to improving
the facilitation and quality of life of cancer patients.
Advancement and increased investment in researching, preventing,
and treating cancer was also highlighted. Article X of this
charter officially declared World Cancer Day to be observed on
February 4. Cancer has numerous types, so there are various colors
and symbols used to mark a specific type of cancer and promote the
fight against it. For example, the orange ribbon is for creating
awareness of cancer in children, while the pink ribbon is globally
associated with breast cancer awareness. As a symbol of hope for
patients and survivors, the daffodil flower is used by the
American Cancer Society for a future where this life-threatening
disease no longer exists. On this day, hundreds of events and
fundraisers take place around the world each year, to bring
individuals, communities, and organizations together in hospitals,
schools, businesses, markets, community halls, parks, etc. to
campaign and deliver the powerful reminder that those hit by
cancer are not alone, and we all share a responsibility in
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Survive:
Torture! 3 State Torture Victims Testimonies MP4 Download DVD
February 4: Torture Abolition Day: --
February 4, 1985: Human Rights: Human Rights Treaties: Torture:
Anti-Torture Treaties: United Nations Convention Against Torture
(UNCAT) (The Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman
Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment): -- The United Nations
Convention Against Torture is signed, having been adopted on
December 10, 1984 by the The United Nations General Assembly, and
becomes an international human rights treaty under the review of
the United Nations that aims to prevent torture and other acts of
cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the
world. The Convention requires member states to take effective
measures to prevent torture in any territory under their
jurisdiction, and forbids member states to transport people to any
country where there is reason to believe they will be tortured.
The text of the convention was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on December 10, 1984 and, following ratification
by the 20th state party, it came into force on June 26 1987. June
26 is now recognized as the International Day in Support of
Victims of Torture, in honor of the convention. Since the
convention's entry was enforced, the absolute prohibition against
torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
or punishment has become accepted as a principle of customary
international law. As of April 2022, the convention has 173 state
parties. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Black
Civil Rights Films: African-American History DVD, MP4, USB Stick
February 4: Rosa Parks Day: -- February
4, 1913: #BOTD: #HBD! Rosa Parks, African American activist in the
African American Civil Rights movement (d. October 24, 2005) is
#born Rosa Louise McCauley Parks in Tuskegee, Alabama. Rosa Parks
was active in the Civil Rights Movement, and the United States
Congress called her "the first lady of civil rights" and
"the mother of the freedom movement". On December 1,
1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks refused to obey bus driver
James F. Blake's order to give up her seat in the "colored
section" to a white passenger, after the whites-only section
was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus
segregation. Others had taken similar steps, including Bayard
Rustin in 1942, Irene Morgan in 1946, Lillie Mae Bradford in 1951,
Sarah Louise Keys in 1952, and the members of the ultimately
successful Browder v. Gayle 1956 lawsuit (Claudette Colvin,
Aurelia Browder, Susie McDonald, and Mary Louise Smith) who were
arrested in Montgomery for not giving up their bus seats months
before Parks. NAACP organizers believed that Parks was the best
candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest
for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws,
although eventually her case became bogged down in the state
courts while the Browder v. Gayle case succeeded. Parks' act of
defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols
of the modern Civil Rights Movement. She became an international
icon of resistance to racial segregation. She organized and
collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon,
president of the local chapter of the NAACP; and Martin Luther
King, Jr., a new minister in town who gained national prominence
in the civil rights movement. At the time, Parks was secretary of
the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. She had recently attended the
Highlander Folk School, a Tennessee center for training activists
for workers' rights and racial equality. She acted as a private
citizen "tired of giving in". Although widely honored in
later years, she also suffered for her act; she was fired from her
job as a seamstress in a local department store, and received
death threats for years afterwards. Shortly after the boycott, she
moved to Detroit, where she briefly found similar work. From 1965
to 1988 she served as secretary and receptionist to John Conyers,
an African American US Representative. She was also active in the
Black Power movement and the support of political prisoners in the
US. After retirement, Parks wrote her autobiography and continued
to insist that the struggle for justice was not over and there was
more work to be done. In her final years, she suffered from
dementia. Parks received national recognition, including the
NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal Of Freedom,
the Congressional Gold Medal, and a posthumous statue in the
United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Upon her death in
2005, she was the first woman and third non-US government official
to lie in honor at the Capitol Rotunda. Her birthday, February 4,
and the day she was arrested, December 1, have both become Rosa
Parks Day, commemorated in California and Missouri (February 4),
and Ohio and Oregon (December 1). Rosa Parks died of natural
causes at the age of 92, in her apartment on the east side of
Detroit. She and her husband never had children and she outlived
her only sibling. City officials in Montgomery and Detroit
announced on October 27, 2005, that the front seats of their city
buses would be reserved with black ribbons in honor of Parks until
her funeral. Parks' coffin was flown to Montgomery and taken in a
horse-drawn hearse to the St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal
(AME) church, where she lay in repose at the altar on October 29,
2005, dressed in the uniform of a church deaconess. A memorial
service was held there the following morning. One of the speakers,
United States Secretary Of State Condoleezza Rice, said that if it
had not been for Parks, she would probably have never become the
Secretary Of State. In the evening the casket was transported to
Washington, D.C. and transported by a bus similar to the one in
which she made her protest, to lie in honor in the rotunda of the
U.S. Capitol. She is buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Detroit,
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Verna: USO
Girl (1978) TV Docudrama Sissy Spacek DVD, MP4, USB Drive
February 4: USO Day: -- February 4, 1941:
The United Service Organizations Inc. (USO) is founded, an
American nonprofit-charitable corporation that provides live
entertainment, such as comedians, actors and musicians, social
facilities, and other programs to members of the United States
Armed Forces and their families. The USO was founded on February
4, 1941 by Mary Ingraham in response to a request from President
Franklin D. Roosevelt to provide morale and recreation services to
U.S. uniformed military personnel. Roosevelt was elected as its
honorary chairman. This request brought together six civilian
organizations: the Salvation Army, YMCA, Young Women's Christian
Association (YWCA), National Catholic Community Service, National
Travelers Aid Association and the National Jewish Welfare Board.
They were brought together under one umbrella to support U.S.
troops, as opposed to operating independently as some had done
during the First World War. Roosevelt said he wanted "these
private organizations to handle the on-leave recreation of the men
in the armed forces." According to historian Emily Yellin,
"The government was to build the buildings and the USO was to
raise private funds to carry out its main mission: boosting the
morale of the military." Since 1941, it has worked in
partnership with the Department of War, and later with the
Department of Defense (DoD), relying heavily on private
contributions and on funds, goods, and services from various
corporate and individual donors. Although it is congressionally
chartered, it is not a government agency. Founded during World War
II, the USO sought to be the GI's "home away from home"
and began a tradition of entertaining the troops and providing
social facilities. Involvement in the USO was one of the many ways
in which the nation had come together to support the war effort,
with nearly 1.5 million people having volunteered their services
in some way. The USO initially disbanded in 1947, but was revived
in 1950 for the Korean War, after which it continued, also
providing peacetime services. During the Vietnam War, USO social
facilities ("USOs") were sometimes located in combat
zones. The organization became particularly known for its live
performances, called camp shows, through which the entertainment
industry helps boost the morale of servicemen and women. In the
early days, Hollywood was eager to show its patriotism, and many
celebrities joined the ranks of USO entertainers. They went as
volunteers to entertain, and celebrities continue to provide
volunteer entertainment in military bases in the U.S. and
overseas, sometimes placing their own lives in danger by traveling
or performing under hazardous conditions. In 2011, the USO was
awarded the National Medal of Arts. The USO has over 200 locations
around the world in 14 countries (including the U.S.) and 27
states. During a gala marking the USO's 75th anniversary in 2016,
retired Army Gen. George W. Casey Jr., the chairman of the USO
Board of Governors, estimated that the USO has served more than 35
million Americans over its history. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: America:
The Second Century Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
February 4: Philippine-American War
Memorial Day: -- February 4, 1899: The Decolonisation Of Asia: The
Philippine-American War (The Philippine Insurrection, The
Filipino-American War, The Tagalog Insurgency): The Battle Of
Manila (1899) (The Battle Of Manila): -- The first and largest
battle of the Philippine-American War begins, starting The
Philippine-American War. It was fought on February 4-5, 1899,
between 19,000 American soldiers and 15,000 Filipino armed
militiamen. Armed conflict broke out when American troops, under
orders to turn away insurgents from their encampment, fired upon
an encroaching group of Filipinos. Philippine President Emilio
Aguinaldo attempted to broker a ceasefire, but American General
Elwell Stephen Otis rejected it and fighting escalated the next
day. It ended in an American victory, although minor skirmishes
continued for several days afterward. The Philippine-American War
or Filipino-American War (Spanish: Guerra filipina-estadounidense,
Tagalog: Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano), previously referred to as
the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the
United States, was an armed conflict between the First Philippine
Republic and the United States that started on February 4, 1899,
and ended on July 2, 1902. The conflict arose in 1898 when the
United States, rather than acknowledging the Philippines'
Declaration Of Independence, annexed the Philippines under the
Treaty Of Paris at the conclusion of the Spanish-American War. The
war can be seen as a continuation of the Philippine struggle for
independence that began in 1896 with the Philippine Revolution
against Spanish rule. Fighting erupted between forces of the
United States and those of the Philippine Republic on February 4,
1899, in what became known as the 1899 Battle Of Manila. On June
2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war
against the United States. The Philippine President Emilio
Aguinaldo was captured on March 23, 1901, and the war was
officially declared ended by the American government on July 2,
1902, with a victory for the United States. However, some
Philippine groups-some led by veterans of the Katipunan, a
Philippine revolutionary society that had launched the revolution
against Spain-continued to battle the American forces for several
more years. Among those leaders was Macario Sakay, a veteran
Katipunan member who established (or re-established) the Tagalog
Republic in 1902 along Katipunan lines in contrast to Aguinaldo's
Republic, with himself as president. Other groups, including the
Muslim Moro peoples of the southern Philippines and quasi-Catholic
Pulahan religious movements, continued hostilities in remote
areas. The resistance in the Moro-dominated provinces in the
south, called the Moro Rebellion by the Americans, ended with
their final defeat at the Battle of Bud Bagsak on June 15, 1913.
The war resulted in at least 200,000 Filipino civilian deaths,
mostly due to diseases such as cholera and to famine. Some
estimates for total civilian dead reach up to a million.
Atrocities were committed during the conflict by both sides,
including torture, mutilation, and executions. In retaliation for
Filipino guerrilla warfare tactics, the U.S. carried out reprisals
and scorched earth campaigns and forcibly relocated many civilians
to concentration camps, where thousands died. The war and
subsequent occupation by the U.S. changed the culture of the
islands, leading to the rise of Protestantism and disestablishment
of the Catholic Church and the introduction of English to the
islands as the primary language of government, education,
business, and industry. In 1902, the United States Congress passed
the Philippine Organic Act, which provided for the creation of the
Philippine Assembly, with members to be elected by Filipino males
(women did not have the right to vote until a 1937 plebiscite).
This act was superseded by the 1916 Jones Act (Philippine Autonomy
Act), which contained the first formal and official declaration of
the United States government's commitment to eventually grant
independence to the Philippines. The 1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act
(Philippine Independence Act) created the Commonwealth of the
Philippines the following year, increasing self-governance, and
established a process towards full independence (originally
scheduled for 1944, but delayed by World War II and the Japanese
occupation of the Philippines). The United States eventually
granted full Philippine independence in 1946 through the Treaty of
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Genius
That Was China Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
February 4, 960: The Chinese Dynasties
(The Dynasties Of China, The Chinese Monarchy): The Song Dynasty:
Coronations: -- Zhao Kuangyin initiates the Song dynasty period of
China, which would last more than three centuries, when he becomes
Emperor Taizu of Song. Emperor Taizu of Song (March 21, 927 -
November 14, 976) personal name Zhao Kuangyin, courtesy name
Yuanlang, reigned from 960 until his death in 976. Formerly a
distinguished military general of the Later Zhou dynasty, Emperor
Taizu came to power after staging a coup d'etat and forcing
Emperor Gong, the last Later Zhou ruler, to abdicate the throne in
his favour. During his reign, Emperor Taizu conquered the states
of Southern Tang, Later Shu, Southern Han and Jingnan, thus
reunifying most of China proper and effectively ending the
tumultuous Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. To strengthen
his control, he lessened the power of military generals and relied
on civilian officials in administration. He was succeeded by his
younger brother, Zhao Kuangyi (Emperor Taizong). On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Columbus &
The Age Of Discovery TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD Set
February 4, 1480: #BOTD: #HBD! Ferdinand
Magellan (Portuguese: Fernao de Magalhaes; Spanish: Fernando de
Magallanes), Portuguese explorer best known for having planned and
led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the East Indies across the
Pacific Ocean to open a maritime trade route, during which he
discovered the interoceanic passage bearing thereafter his name,
The Straits Of Magellan, and achieved the first European
navigation from the Atlantic to Asia (d. April 27, 1521) is #born
into a family of minor Portuguese nobility, Magellan became a
skilled sailor and naval officer in service of the Portuguese
Crown in Asia. King Manuel refused to support Magellan's plan to
reach the Maluku Islands (the "Spice Islands") by
sailing westwards around the American continent. Facing criminal
charges, Magellan left Portugal and proposed the same expedition
to King Charles I of Spain, who accepted it. Consequently, many in
Portugal considered him a traitor and he never returned. In
Seville he married, fathered two children, and organised the
expedition. For his allegiance to the Hispanic Monarchy, in 1518,
Magellan was appointed an admiral of the Spanish fleet and given
command of the expedition - the five-ship Armada of Molucca. He
was also made Commander of the Order of Santiago, one of the
highest military ranks of the Spanish Empire. Granted special
powers and privileges by the King, he led the Armada from Sanlucar
de Barrameda southwest across the Atlantic Ocean, to the eastern
coast of South America, and down to Patagonia. Despite a series of
storms and mutinies, the expedition successfully passed through
the Strait of Magellan (as it is now named) into the Mar del Sur,
which Magellan renamed the Mar Pacifico (the modern Pacific
Ocean). The expedition reached Guam and, shortly after, the
Philippine islands. There Magellan was killed in the Battle of
Mactan in April 1521. Under the command of captain Juan Sebastian
Elcano, the expedition later reached the Spice Islands. To
navigate back to Spain and avoid seizure by the Portuguese, the
expedition's two remaining ships split, one attempting,
unsuccessfully, to reach New Spain by sailing eastwards across the
Pacific, while the other, commanded by Elcano, sailed westwards
via the Indian Ocean and up the Atlantic coast of Africa, finally
arriving at the expedition's port of departure and thereby
completing the first complete circuit of the globe. While in the
Kingdom of Portugal's service, Magellan had already reached the
Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia on previous voyages traveling
east (from 1505 to 1511-1512). By visiting this area again but now
traveling west, Magellan achieved a nearly complete personal
circumnavigation of the globe for the first time in history.
Ferdinand Magellan died when he was killed during The Battle Of
Mactan by natives in the present-day Philippines after running
into resistance from the indigenous population led by Lapulapu,
who consequently became a Philippine national symbol of resistance
to colonialism. His body kept as a trophy by the warriors of
Lapulapu, and was never recovered; his burial details, if any, are
not publicly disclosed. After Magellan's death, Juan Sebastian
Elcano took the lead of the expedition, and with its few other
surviving members in one of the two remaining ships, completed the
first circumnavigation of Earth when they returned to Spain in
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: American
Revolutionary War Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
February 4, 1746: #BOTD: #HBD! Thaddeus
Kosciusko (Tadeusz Kosciuszko; Belarusian: Andrzej Tadeusz
Bonawentura Kosciuszko, English: English: Andrew Thaddeus
Bonaventure Kosciuszko), Polish military engineer, statesman, and
military leader who became a national hero in Belarus, France,
Lithuania, Poland and the United States (d. October 15, 1817) is
#born Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kosciuszko in a manor house on
the Mereczowszczyzna estate in Brest Litovsk Voivodeship near
Kosow in Nowogrodek Voivodeship, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a part
of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (now Ivatsevichy District of
Belarus). His exact birthdate is uncertain; commonly cited are
February 4 and February 12. He fought in the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth's struggles against Russia and Prussia, and on the US
side in the American Revolutionary War. As Supreme Commander of
the Polish National Armed Forces, he led the 1794 Kosciuszko
Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794 and the Second
Polish War, an uprising against the Russian Empire and the Kingdom
of Prussia in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Prussian
partition in 1794. It was a failed attempt to liberate the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the
Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the
Targowica Confederation. At age 20, he graduated from the Corps of
Cadets in Warsaw, Poland. After the start of the civil war in
1768, Kosciuszko moved to France in 1769 to study. He returned to
the Commonwealth in 1774, two years after the First Partition, and
was a tutor in the household of Jozef Sylwester Sosnowski,
Polish-Lithuanian magnate and Voivode of Smolensk. Sosnowski is
best remembered as the father of a love interest of Tadeusz
Kosciuszko's, Ludwika Sosnowska. Sosnowski refused him his
daughter's hand, reputedly telling the future hero of multiple
conflicts that "turtledoves are not for common sparrows, and
magnates' daughters are not for petty nobility." (After he
returned to Poland from America and sought a Polish Army
commission, Ludwika Sosnowska, who had become the Princess
Lubomirska after she had been forced by her father to marry into
the higher nobility, urged the King to offer Kosciuszko a
commission. When he went to Warsaw in summer 1789 to pursue the
matter, he encountered her at a ball. As his friend Julian Ursyn
Niemcewicz later recounted, "The meeting was so emotional
[for both] that they were unable to speak to each other; each
moved away to a different corner of the salon and wept.") In
1776, Kosciuszko moved to North America, where he took part in the
American Revolutionary War as a colonel in the Continental Army.
An accomplished military architect, he designed and oversaw the
construction of state-of-the-art fortifications, including those
at West Point, New York. In 1783, in recognition of his services,
the Continental Congress promoted him to brigadier general. Upon
returning to Poland in 1784, Kosciuszko was commissioned as a
major general in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Army in 1789.
After the Polish-Russian War of 1792 resulted in the
Commonwealth's Second Partition, he commanded an uprising against
the Russian Empire in March 1794 until he was captured at the
Battle of Maciejowice in October 1794. The defeat of the
Kosciuszko Uprising that November led to Poland's Third Partition
in 1795, which ended the Commonwealth. In 1796, following the
death of Tsaritsa Catherine II, Kosciuszko was pardoned by her
successor, Tsar Paul I, and he emigrated to the United States. A
close friend of Thomas Jefferson, with whom he shared ideals of
human rights, Kosciuszko wrote a will in 1798, dedicating his U.S.
assets to the education and freedom of the U.S. slaves. Kosciuszko
eventually returned to Europe and lived in Switzerland until he
died in Solothurn, Switzerland at age 71 after falling from a
horse, developing a fever, and suffering a stroke a few days
later. The execution of his testament later proved difficult, and
the funds were never used for the purpose Kosciuszko intended.
Kosciuszko had two funerals; the first was held on October 19,
1817 at a formerly Jesuit church in Solothurn. As news of his
death spread, masses and memorial services were held in
partitioned Poland. His embalmed body was deposited in a crypt of
the Solothurn church. In 1818, Kosciuszko's body was transferred
to Krakow, arriving at St. Florian's Church on April 11, 1818. On
June 22, 1818, or June 23, 1819 (accounts vary), it was placed in
a crypt at Wawel Cathedral, a pantheon of Polish kings and
national heroes, to the tolling of the Sigismund Bell and the
firing of cannon. Kosciuszko's internal organs, which had been
removed during embalming, were separately interred in a graveyard
at Zuchwil, near Solothurn. Kosciuszko's organs remain there to
this day; a large memorial stone was erected in 1820, next to a
Polish memorial chapel. However, his heart was not interred with
the other organs but instead kept in an urn at the Polish Museum
in Rapperswil, Switzerland. The heart, along with the rest of the
Museum's holdings, were repatriated back to Warsaw in 1927, where
the heart now reposes in a chapel at the Royal Castle. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Meet
George Washington: The Man Behind Myth + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
February 4, 1789: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1788-89 United States Presidential
Election: -- All 69 electors of the U.S. Electoral College
unanimously vote for George Washington as the first President of
the United States by the U.S.; John Adams wins 34 electoral votes
and becomes the first Vice President of the United States. The
1788-1789 United States presidential election was the first
quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Monday,
December 15, 1788 to Saturday, January 10, 1789, under the new
Constitution ratified in 1788. George Washington was unanimously
elected for the first of his two terms as president, and John
Adams became the first vice president. This was the only U.S.
presidential election that spanned two calendar years (1788 and
1789). Under the Articles Of Confederation, ratified in 1781, the
United States had no head of state. Separation of the executive
function of government from the legislative was incomplete, as in
countries that use a parliamentary system. Federal power, strictly
limited, was reserved to the Congress of the Confederation, whose
"President of the United States in Congress Assembled"
was also chair of the Committee of the States, which aimed to
fulfill a function similar to that of the modern Cabinet. The
Constitution created the offices of President and Vice President,
fully separating these offices from Congress. The Constitution
established an Electoral College, based on each state's
Congressional representation, in which each elector would cast two
votes for two candidates, a procedure modified in 1804 by the
ratification of the Twelfth Amendment. States had varying methods
for choosing presidential electors. In 5 states, the state
legislature chose electors. The other 6 chose electors through
some form involving a popular vote, though in only two states did
the choice depend directly on a statewide vote in a way even
roughly resembling the modern method in all states. The enormously
popular Washington was distinguished as the former Commander of
the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. After
he agreed to come out of retirement, it was known that he would be
elected by virtual acclaim; Washington did not select a running
mate, as that concept was not yet developed. No formal political
parties existed, though an informally organized consistent
difference of opinion had already manifested between Federalists
and Anti-Federalists. Thus, the contest for the Vice-Presidency
was open. Thomas Jefferson predicted that a popular Northern
leader such as Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts or John
Adams, a former minister to Great Britain who had represented
Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president.
Anti-Federalist leaders such as Patrick Henry, who did not run,
and George Clinton, who had opposed ratification of the
Constitution, also represented potential choices. The remaining 35
electoral votes were split among 10 candidates, including John
Jay, who finished third with nine electoral votes. 3 states were
ineligible to participate in the election: New York's legislature
did not choose electors on time, and North Carolina and Rhode
Island had not ratified the constitution yet. Washington was
inaugurated in New York City on April 30, 1789, 57 days after the
First Congress convened. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Western Tradition TV Series DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
February 4, 1794: Slavery: Slavery In
France: The Age Of Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of
Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The
French Revolution: The French First Republic (French: Premiere
Republique; Revolutionary France, Officially The French Republic
[French: Republique Francaise]): -- The French legislature, The
Assembly Of The First Republic (1792-1804) under the leadership of
Maximilien Robespierre, abolishes slavery throughout all
territories and possessions of the French First Republic; under
Napoleon, it would be reestablished in the French West Indies in
1802. The first article of the law stated that "Slavery was
abolished" in the French colonies, while the second article
stated that "slave-owners would be indemnified" with
financial compensation for the value of their slaves. The French
constitution passed in 1795 included a declaration of the rights
of man, which abolished slavery. The Society of the Friends of the
Blacks was founded in Paris in 1788, and remained active until
1793, during the midst of the French Revolution. It was led by
Jacques Pierre Brissot, who frequently received advice from
British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson, who led the abolitionist
movement in Great Britain. At the beginning of 1789, the Society
had 141 members. French Catholic priest Abbe Gregoire and the
Society of the Friends of the Blacks had laid important groundwork
in building anti-slavery sentiment and support for abolition in
France. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Eamon de
Valera Documentary DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
February 4, 1868: #BOTD: #HBD! Constance
Markievicz, also known as Countess Markievicz (Polish: Markiewicz;
nee Gore-Booth), Anglo-Irish politician, revolutionary,
nationalist, suffragist and socialist, first woman elected to the
Westminster Parliament generally and the House Of Commons
specifically (d. July 15, 1927) is #born Constance Georgine
Gore-Booth at Buckingham Gate, London, England. Constance Georgine
Markievicz was also elected Minister for Labour in the First Dail,
the first parliament of the revolutionary Irish Republic, becoming
the first female cabinet minister in Europe. She served as a
Teachta Dala (TD, a member of the Dail Eireann (Assembly of
Ireland) of the Oireachtas (the Irish Parliament)) for the Dublin
South constituency from 1921 to 1922 and 1923 to 1927. She was a
Member of Parliament (MP) for Dublin St Patrick's from 1918 to
1922. A founder member of Fianna Eireann (known as The Fianna, is
an Irish nationalist youth organisation, Fianna being small,
semi-independent warrior bands in Irish mythology), Cumann na mBan
(an Irish republican women's paramilitary organisation) and the
Irish Citizen Army (a small paramilitary group of trained trade
union volunteers from the Irish Transport and General Workers'
Union (ITGWU)), she took part in the Easter Rising in 1916, when
Irish republicans attempted to end British rule and establish an
Irish Republic. She was sentenced to death but this was reduced on
the grounds of her sex. On December 28, 1918, she was the first
woman elected to the UK House Of Commons, though she did not take
her seat and, along with the other Sinn Fein TDs, formed the first
Dail Eireann. She was also one of the first women in the world to
hold a cabinet position as Minister for Labour from 1919 to 1922.
Constance Markievicz died in Dublin, Ireland at the age of 59 of
complications after two appendicitis operations, a dangerous
surgery in the days before antibiotics. Constance Georgine
Markievicz had given away the last of her wealth, and died in a
public ward "among the poor where she wanted to be". One
of the doctors attending her was her revolutionary colleague
Kathleen Lynn. Also at her bedside were Casimir and Stanislas
Markievicz, Eamon De Valera and Hanna Sheehy Skeffington. Prior to
her death, Esther Roper maintained a vigil at Constance's bed with
Marie Perolz, Helena Molony, Kathleen Lynn and other friends.
Refused a state funeral by the Free State government, she was laid
out in the Rotunda, where she had spoken at so many political
meetings. Thousands of the Dubliners who loved her lined O'Connell
Street and Parnell Square to pass by her body and pay their
respects to 'Madame'. It took four hours for the beginning of the
funeral, starting from the Rotunda, to reach the gates of
Glasnevin Cemetery. Eamon De Valera gave the funeral oration,
while Free State soldiers stood on guard to prevent the rifle
salute that Michael Collins had called "the only speech which
it is proper to make above the grave of a dead Fenian". Her
former Citizen Army colleague the playwright Sean O'Casey said of
her: "One thing she had in abundance - physical courage; with
that she was clothed as with a garment." On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Causes Of
World War II Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
February 4, 1871: #BOTD: Friedrich Ebert,
German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
and the first President of Germany from 1919 until his death in
office in 1925 (d. February 28, 1925) is #born in Heidelberg,
Baden, in the German Empire, the seventh of nine children of the
tailor Karl Ebert (1834-1892) and his wife Katharina (nee Hinkel;
1834-1897). Ebert was elected leader of the SPD on the death in
1913 of August Bebel. In 1914, shortly after he assumed
leadership, the party became deeply divided over Ebert's support
of war loans to finance the German war effort in World War I. A
moderate social democrat, Ebert was in favour of the Burgfrieden,
a political policy that sought to suppress squabbles over domestic
issues among political parties during wartime in order to
concentrate all forces in society on the successful conclusion of
the war effort. He tried to isolate those in the party opposed to
the war, but could not prevent a split. Ebert was a pivotal figure
in The German Revolution Of 1918-1919. When Germany became a
republic at the end of World War I, he became its first
chancellor. His policies at that time were primarily aimed at
restoring peace and order in Germany and containing the more
extreme elements of the revolutionary left. In order to accomplish
these goals, he allied himself with conservative and nationalistic
political forces, in particular the leadership of the military
under General Wilhelm Groener and the right wing Freikorps. With
their help, Ebert's government crushed a number of socialist and
communist uprisings as well as those from the right, including the
Kapp Putsch. This has made him a controversial historical figure.
Friedrich Ebert died in Berlin, Weimar Republic of septic shock
caused by appendicitis, aged 54. He is buried at the Bergfriedhof
Heidelberg in Heidelberg, Germany. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Aelita:
Queen Of Mars 1924 Landmark USSR Sci-Fi DVD, MP4, USB Drive
February 4 (O.S. January 23), 1881:
#BOTD: #HBD! Yakov Protazanov, Russian and Soviet film director
and screenwriter, and one of the founding fathers of cinema of
Russia (d. August 8, 1945) is #born Yakov Alexandrovich Protazanov
in the Vinokurov family estate in Moscow, Russian Empire, to
educated Russian parents, both of whom belonged to the merchantry
social class, a civil/legal estate social group of the Russian
Empire. He was an Honored Artist of the Russian SFSR (1935) and
Uzbek SSR (1944). His father Alexander Savvich Protazanov came
from a long generation of merchants and was a hereditary
distinguished citizen of Kiev (an inherited privilege first
granted to Yakov's great-grandfather, a merchant also named Yakov
Protazanov who moved with his family to Kiev from Bronnitsy).
Alexander worked with the Shibaev brothers of the family of Old
Believers (Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical
and ritual practices of the Russian Church as they were before the
reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666) whose
father Sidor Shibaev was among the pioneers of the oil industry.
Yakov's mother Elizaveta Mikhailovna Protazanova (nee Vinokurova)
was a native Muscovite. She finished the Elizabeth Institute for
Noble Maidens. Her brother Mikhail Vinokurov was close friends
with the Sadovsky theatrical family and made a great impact on
young Protazanov. In 1900 Yakov graduated from the Moscow
Commercial College and started working as a merchant, although he
wasn't happy about his choice of profession. In 1904 he left
Russia and spent several years in France and Italy,
self-educating. After his return in 1906 Protazanov joined the
Gloria film company in Moscow as a screenwriter and director's
assistant. He also met his future wife there - Frida Vasilievna
Kennike, who happened to be a sister of one of the Gloria's
co-founders. In 1910 Gloria became part of the cinema factory
headed by Paul Thiemann and Friedrich Reinhardt. Protazanov was
finally given a director's chair, although, according to his
memories, he took part in basically every filming process,
including cinematography, stage property and bookkeeping. His most
notable works of that period are The Song of the Prophet Oleg
based on Alexander Pushkin's poem and Departure of a Grand Old Man
about the last days of Leo Tolstoy. In 1914 he joined Joseph N.
Ermolieff's film studio where he worked up till his emigration in
1920. In the period between 1911 and 1920 Protazanov wrote and
directed some 80 features, including The Queen of Spades (1916)
and Father Sergius (1918), which have been acclaimed as his
masterpieces. Ivan Mozhukhin starred in many of his early films.
He emigrated to Europe in 1920 following the Russian Civil War
along with Ermolieff's group where he worked at various French-
and German-based film studios. He returned to Russia in 1923. The
following year he produced Aelita based on Alexei Tolstoy's novel.
It was one of the first science fiction movies to depict a space
flight and an alien society, and heavily influenced science
fiction literature and film in the west therafter, particularly
Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon. His next film The Tailor from
Torzhok was released to a great success and established him as one
of the leading comedy directors. He discovered many talents, such
as Igor Ilyinsky, Mikhail Zharov, Anatoli Ktorov, Vera Maretskaya,
Yuliya Solntseva, Georgy Millyar, Serafima Birman, Nikolai Batalov
and Mikhail Klimov. One of the most popular Russian fairy tale
directors Alexander Rou also started as Protazanov's assistant. In
1928 he directed The White Eagle that featured Vsevolod Meyerhold
and Vasili Kachalov in the leading roles - one of their rare
appearances on the big screen. His last acclaimed feature was a
screen version of Alexander Ostrovsky's play Without Dowry in
1937. The cast featured many celebrated actors from the Maly
Theatre. During the Great Patriotic War he was evacuated to
Tashkent along with some other members of Mosfilm and Lenfilm.
Around the same time his health started declining; on his way to
Tashkent he suffered a heart-attack. He managed to produce only
one more movie - Nasreddin in Bukhara (1943) - itself set in
Uzbekistan. His only son Georgy was killed in one of the final
battles, which also affected Protazanov. He spent his last days
working on the adaptation of Alexander Ostrovsky's comedy play
Wolves and Sheep. Among his other plans were film adaptations of
War and Peace and Oliver Twist. Protazanov died on August 8, 1945,
two days after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and one day before
the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, and was buried at the Novodevichy
Cemetery. He was survived by his wife Frida and his elder sisters
- Lidia Aristova, Valentina Protazanova and Nina Anjaparidze. In
2014, The Silent Film Festival in Pordenone, Italy - "RUSSIAN
LAUGHS", the silent comedies of Yakov Protazanov, the
exhibition curated by Peter Bagrov and Natalia Noussinova, the
translation of the Italian-language film has been entrusted by
Vladislav Shabalin. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Lindbergh:
Biography Of Charles Lindbergh Documentary DVD, MP4, USB
February 4, 1902: #BOTD: Charles
Lindbergh, American aviation pioneer, pilot, explorer and
cypto-nazi (d. August 26, 1974) is #born Charles Augustus
Lindbergh in Detroit, Michigan. Nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and
The Lone Eagle, was also an author, inventor, explorer, and
environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity
as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his
Orteig Prize-winning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to
Paris. He covered the 33 1/2-hour, 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km)
alone in a single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane, Spirit of
St. Louis. This was the first solo transatlantic flight and the
first non-stop flight between North America and mainland Europe.
Lindbergh was an officer in the U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve, and
he received the United States' highest military decoration, the
Medal Of Honor, for the feat. In March 1932, his infant son,
Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what American media
called the "Crime of the Century" and described by H. L.
Mencken as "the biggest story since the resurrection".
The case prompted the United States Congress to upgrade kidnapping
from a state crime to a federal crime once the kidnapper had
crossed state lines with his victim. By late 1935 the hysteria
surrounding the case had driven the Lindbergh family into
voluntary exile in Europe, from which they returned in 1939.
Before the United States formally entered World War II, some
people accused Lindbergh of being a fascist sympathizer. An
advocate of non-interventionism he supported the antiwar America
First Committee, which opposed American aid to Britain in its war
against Germany, and resigned his commission in the United States
Army Air Forces in 1941 after President Franklin Roosevelt
publicly rebuked him for his views. Nevertheless, he publicly
supported the U.S. war effort after the Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor and flew fifty combat missions in the Pacific Theater of
World War II as a civilian consultant, though Roosevelt refused to
reinstate his Air Corps colonel's commission. Charles Lindbergh
died in Kipahulu, Hawaii, U.S. of lymphoma at age 72. He is buried
on the grounds of the Palapala Ho'omau Church in Kipahulu, Maui.
His epitaph, on a simple stone following the words "Charles
A. Lindbergh Born Michigan 1902 Died Maui 1974", quotes Psalm
139:9: "...If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in
the uttermost parts of the sea ...C.A.L". On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Cigarette Commercials 1950s-70s Film Collection DVD, MP4, USB
Stick
February 4, 1918: #BOTD: #HBD! Ida
Lupino, English-American actress, singer, film director, and
producer of the prominent Italian emigre English theatre Lupino
family (d. August 3, 1995) #born in Herne Hill, London, to actress
Connie O'Shea (also known as Connie Emerald) and music hall
comedian Stanley Lupino, a member of the theatrical Lupino family,
which included Lupino Lane, a song-and-dance man. Her father, a
top name in musical comedy in the UK and a member of a
centuries-old theatrical dynasty dating back to Renaissance Italy,
encouraged her to perform at an early age. He built a backyard
theatre for Lupino and her sister Rita (1920-2016), who also
became an actress and dancer. Lupino wrote her first play at age
seven and toured with a travelling theatre company as a child. By
the age of ten, Lupino had memorised the leading female roles in
each of Shakespeare's plays. After her intense childhood training
for stage plays, Ida's uncle Lupino Lane assisted her in moving
towards film acting by getting her work as a background actor at
British International Studios. She wanted to be a writer, but in
order to please her father, Lupino enrolled in the Royal Academy
of Dramatic Art. She excelled in a number of "bad girl"
film roles, often playing prostitutes. Lupino did not enjoy being
an actress and felt uncomfortable with many of the early roles she
was given. She felt that she was pushed into the profession due to
her family history. It was in reaction to this that whe was to
become widely regarded as one of the most prominent female
filmmakers working during the 1950s in the Hollywood studio
system. With her independent production company, she co-wrote and
co-produced several social-message films and became the first
woman to direct a film noir with The Hitch-Hiker in 1953.
Throughout her 48-year career, she made acting appearances in 59
films and directed eight others, working primarily in the United
States, where she became a citizen in 1948. She also directed more
than 100 episodes of television productions in a variety of genres
including westerns, supernatural tales, situation comedies, murder
mysteries, and gangster stories. She was the only woman to direct
an episode of the original The Twilight Zone series ("The
Masks"), as well as the only director to have starred in the
show. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ
Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
February 4, 1918: #BOTD: #HBD! Porky
Chedwick, American radio announcer known to generations in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as "The Daddio Of The Raddio",
"The Platter Pushin' Papa", "The Bossman",
"Pork The Tork", and a host of other colorful nicknames
(d. March 2, 2014) is #born George Jacob Chedwick in Homestead,
Pennsylvania, one of ten children of a steelworker father. His
career lasted from 1948 to shortly before his death in 2014.
Homestead was a close-knit, culturally and racially diverse
neighborhood, which he often compared to "a secluded island",
where things such as one's skin color simply didn't matter. Before
getting into radio, he worked odd jobs around Homestead-Munhall,
including delivering newspapers as a young boy, later working as a
sports "stringer" reporter for the newspaper, sorting
mail for the local post office, and calling play-by-play sporting
events at his alma mater, Munhall High School. He began his career
at WHOD in Homestead (which took the call letters WAMO - an
acronym for the Allegheny, Monongehela and Ohio rivers - in 1956),
when the low-power AM signed on, August 1, 1948. When he responded
to an ad in a local paper, advertising for on-air talent at the
new radio station, his popularity as a play-by-play announcer won
him a 10-minute Saturday sports and music show. The music portion
was gradually expanded, in response to the public's reaction.
WHOD, known as "The Station of Nations," was created to
serve the diverse European and eastern bloc immigrant population
that worked the Pittsburgh area mills. Most of his young
listeners, who turned an ear toward Chedwick's music and
off-the-cuff rhymes and patter, had no idea that he was Caucasian.
Years later, when the fact became apparent, the outcry from some
parents, religious and civic leaders made him a local anti-hero.
and he was banned from appearing in some neighborhoods. The
suggestion that he was trying to corrupt the (white) youth of
America was put to rest when he was commended by Senator Estes
Kefauver for his work organizing youth baseball teams to combat
juvenile delinquency. He even had a few youths remanded to his
custody from juvenile court. In spite of WHOD's low wattage (1,000
watts compared to 50,000 watts on KDKA), Chedwick became
Pittsburgh's "Pied Piper of Platter". By the early
1950s, black music record labels were hearing about the noise
Chedwick was making in Pittsburgh with old R and B stock, so they
began inundating him with new material. He introduced the new
material to his "movers and groovers," never accepting
payola though payola was the norm at the time. Still, oldies would
dominate his playlist. Shortly after being honored by WAMO for his
years of service in 1984, he was let go by the station. He would
work at various other stations in the Pittsburgh market until
executives from Sheridan Broadcasting (WAMO's parent company)
asked him to come back in 1992. For much of his life, Chedwick was
plagued with impaired vision, which led him to the practice of
wearing prescription eyeglasses with dark lenses, which also aided
in hiding his crossed left eye. His vision-related problems
ultimately robbed him of his ability to drive a car. In 1990, he
was diagnosed with a large, benign brain tumor. When news broke of
the diagnosis, it sent a shock throughout Pittsburgh and a
national community of pioneer artists who still felt in his debt.
Friends including Little Anthony, Hank Ballard, Lou Christie,
Wolfman Jack, Johnnie and Joe, Bobby Comstock, The Marcels, The
Vogues, and Bo Diddley organized a benefit concert to help
shoulder the huge medical bill for the operation from which he
fully recovered. The surgery was performed at West Penn Hospital
and drew more than five thousand get-well cards from fans and
other supporters. Some remaining money from the fund-raiser was
put into a trust fund against the day when Chedwick would need
long-term residential or hospice care. Not long after Chedwick's
brain surgery, he also underwent a second operation to correct his
crossed left eye, enabling him to see with clear lenses. Chedwick
and his wife Jeanie announced in June 2008 that they were moving
to Florida. They completed their move from Pittsburgh's Brookline
section to Tarpon Springs in August 2008. By Christmas, Porky
returned to Pittsburgh and began to make appearances at oldies
clubs, following his recovery. He eventually returned to Florida
but hated the tranquil community of the trailer park, likening a
stroll through it to "walking through a graveyard". He
and his wife sold their property in July 2011 and immediately
bought a house in the Brookline neighborhood of Pittsburgh, vowing
never to leave the City of Pittsburgh again. On September 2, 2011,
Chedwick returned to the air on WEDO in McKeesport, where he
hosted a Friday program from 11AM to noon, eastern. His return to
radio was captured by New York film maker Josh Gilbert. On October
26, 2011, Chedwick announced to his audience that management had
told him that unless his radio show could secure some sponsors,
the following week would be his last on WEDO. After another
discussion with WEDO management a few days later, the October 26,
2011 issue of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported that Chedwick
had opted to discontinue the show, after only eight broadcasts.
The news reached veteran DJ Terry Lee, who had recently returned
to local radio himself. Lee, who became one of Pittsburgh's top
DJs the mid-1960s by playing ballads he called "Music For
Young Lovers" and hosting "Bandstand" style local
shows in the 1970s, was appalled at the way Chedwick's situation
at WEDO had been handled. Chedwick had just left WAMO Pittsburgh
after 23 years, unhappy at being forced to follow the
psychedelic/underground rock format the station had been
programming. According to an aircheck of the show that Lee owns,
all 30 of WIXZ phone lines were tied up for the four-hour show -
all from listeners wanting to talk with Porky. Lee and Chedwick
even had to beg people to stop coming to the radio station. The
next day, members of the media and WIXZ listeners speculated that
Chedwick had found a new radio home, but it was not the case. On
October 30, 2011, Lee announced that he wouldn't see Chedwick
languish again, adding, "Without Porky, none of us (oldies
DJs) would be here." At 4 p.m. (EST), November 11, 2011, from
his Brookline home, Chedwick made his internet radio debut,
beginning his show with "Breaking Up the House" by Tiny
Bradshaw (1950). Shortly before Chedwick went live, Lee spoke on
the network and said that Chedick would do 4 to 6, every Friday,
but that "he can stay on as long as he wants." After the
second hour, Chedwick told his audience, "I'm feeling good!
I'm gonna do another hour." Chedwick made regular Sunday
night appearances at a restaurant near his home. His last public
appearance was six days before his death, at the fortieth and
final Roots of Rock and Roll concert in Pittsburgh. After being
hospitalized just weeks before for surgery to correct a swallowing
difficulty, Chedwick died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the age
of 96 after he walked into a hospital's emergency room under his
own power complaining of chest pains. He is buried at Jefferson
Memorial Cemetery in Pleasant Hills, Pennsylvania. Chedwick has
been recognized on the floor of the United States Senate for his
pioneering contributions to radio and rock and roll (and countless
times around Pittsburgh, including a day-long 50th anniversary
oldies concert called "Porkstock", in 1998 at Three
Rivers Stadium) and another one in 1999. Chedwick was among a
group of radio disc jockeys honored in the "Dedicated to the
One I Love" exhibit at Cleveland, Ohio's Rock and Roll Hall
of Fame and Museum, in 1996. He was the only Pittsburgh DJ to be
recognized in the Hall of Fame. At age 88, Chedwick celebrated his
58th anniversary on the air at Hall of Fame's Alan Freed Radio
Studio on August 12, 2006. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: US Fleet
Submarines Of The Pacific War MP4 Video Download DVD
February 4, 1943: Naval History: The
History Of The United States Navy: The New United States Navy (The
New Navy, The United States Navy 1885-Present): Naval Launches:
Submarines (Subs): The USS Balao (SS/AGSS-285): -- USS Balao, the
lead ship of the United States Navy's Balao-class submarines which
were the greatest long-range submarines of World War II, whose
keel was laid down on June 26, 1942 at the Portsmouth Navy Yard in
Kittery, Maine, and was launched sponsored by Mrs. Jane Aylward,
wife of Lieutenant Commander Theodore C. Aylward on October 27,
1942, is commissioned. Named for the balao, a small schooling
marine fish, USS Balao was commissioned on February 4, 1943, and
then reported to the United States Pacific Fleet. After a six-week
training period in New London, Connecticuit., the submarine sailed
for the Pacific Theater of Operations and joined the 7th Fleet at
Brisbane, Australia, on July 10, 1943. The Balao Class Submarines
were a design of United States Navy submarine used during World
War II, and with 120 boats completed, the largest class of
submarines in the United States Navy. An improvement on the
earlier Gato class, the boats had slight internal differences. The
most significant improvement was the use of thicker, higher yield
strength steel in the pressure hull skins and frames, which
increased their test depth to 400 feet (120 m). Tang actually
achieved a depth of 612 ft (187 m) during a test dive, and
exceeded that test depth when taking on water in the forward
torpedo room while evading a destroyer. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War
II: The War Years 17 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
February 4, 1945: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): World War II Conferences: The Yalta Conference (The
Crimea Conference) (Codename: ARGONAUT): -- The Yalta Conference
convenes near Yalta in Crimea, Soviet Union, within the Livadia,
Yusupov, and Vorontsov Palaces, and lasts until February, 11 1945,
where "The Big Three" heads of government of the United
States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union meet for the
purpose of discussing Germany and Europe's postwar reorganization.
The "Big Three" consisted of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph
Stalin. The aim of the conference was to shape a post-war peace
that represented not just a collective security order but a plan
to give self-determination to the liberated peoples of post-Nazi
Europe. The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the
re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. However,
within a few short years, with the Cold War dividing the
continent, Yalta became a subject of intense controversy. General
Charles de Gaulle was not present at either the Yalta conference
nor the Potsdam conference to come; a diplomatic slight that was
the occasion for deep and lasting resentment. De Gaulle attributed
his exclusion from Yalta to the longstanding personal antagonism
towards him of Roosevelt, although the Soviet Union had also
objected to his inclusion as a full participant. But the absence
of French representation at Yalta also meant that extending an
invitation for De Gaulle to attend the Potsdam Conference would
have been highly problematic; as he would then have felt
honor-bound to insist that all issues agreed at Yalta in his
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Twentieth Century With Walter Cronkite TV Series 10 MP4s / 10 DVDs
February 4, 1945: World War II: The
Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Pacific Theater Of World
War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The
Philippines Campaign (1944-1945) (The Philippines Campaign, The
Battle Of The Philippines, The Second Philippines Campaign, The
Liberation Of The Philippines [Operation Musketeer I, Operation
Musketeer II, Operation Musketeer III): The Battle Of Manila
(1945) (The Battle Of Manila): The Liberation Of Santo Tomas
Internment Camp (The Liberation Of The Manila Internment Camp): --
Santo Tomas Internment Camp is liberated from Japanese authority.
Santo Tomas Internment Camp was the largest of several camps in
the Philippines in which the Japanese interned enemy civilians,
mostly Americans, in World War II. The campus of the University of
Santo Tomas in Manila was utilized for the camp, which housed more
than 3,000 internees from January 1942 until February 1945.
Conditions for the internees deteriorated during the war and by
the time of the liberation of the camp by the U.S. Army many of
the internees were near death from lack of food. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Field
Marshal William Slim Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
February 4, 1945: World War II: The
Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Pacific Theater Of World
War II): The Asiatic-Pacific Theater: The China Burma India
Theater (CBI) (The India-Burma Theaters [IBT]) The South-East
Asian Theater Of World War II: The Burma Campaign: The Battle Of
Meiktila And Mandalay (The Battle Of Central Burma: The Battle Of
Meiktila, The Battle Of Mandalay): The Battle Of Pakokku And
Irrawaddy River Operations: -- The British Indian Army and the
Imperial Japanese Army begin The Battle Of Pakokku And Irrawaddy
River Operations, a series of battles fought between the British
Indian Army and the Imperial Japanese Army and allied forces over
the successful Allied Burma Campaign on the China Burma India
Theater. The battles and operations were instrumental in
facilitating the eventual capture of Rangoon in summer 1945. The
Battle of Pokoku And Irrawaddy River Operations were part of The
Battle Of Central Burma, comprised of the concurrent Battle of
Meiktila and Battle of Mandalay that were decisive engagements
near the end of the Burma Campaign. Despite logistical
difficulties, the Allies were able to deploy large armoured and
mechanised forces in Central Burma, and also possessed air
supremacy. Most of the Japanese forces in Burma were destroyed
during the battles, allowing the Allies to later recapture the
capital, Rangoon, and reoccupy most of the country with little
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Golden
Age Of Rock 'N' Roll DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
February 4, 1948: #BOTD: #HBD! Alice
Cooper, American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spans
over fifty years is #born Vincent Damon Furnier in Detroit,
Michigan. With a distinctive raspy voice and a stage show that
features guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, deadly snakes,
baby dolls, and dueling swords, Cooper is considered by music
journalists and peers alike to be "The Godfather Of Shock
Rock". He has drawn equally from horror films, vaudeville,
and garage rock to pioneer a macabre and theatrical brand of rock
designed to shock people. Originating in Phoenix, Arizona, in the
late 1960s after he moved from Detroit, Michigan, "Alice
Cooper" was originally a band consisting of Furnier on vocals
and harmonica, Glen Buxton on lead guitar, Michael Bruce on rhythm
guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and Neal Smith on drums.
The original Alice Cooper band released its first album in 1969.
They broke into the international music mainstream with the 1971
hit song "I'm Eighteen" from their third studio album
Love It to Death. The band reached their commercial peak in 1973
with their sixth studio album Billion Dollar Babies. In 2011, the
original Alice Cooper band was inducted into the Rock and Roll
Hall of Fame. Furnier adopted the band's name as his own name in
the 1970s and began a solo career with the 1975 concept album
Welcome to My Nightmare. Expanding from his Detroit rock roots,
Cooper has experimented with a number of musical styles, including
art rock, hard rock, heavy metal, new wave, glam metal, and
industrial rock. Cooper is known for his sociable and witty
personality offstage, with The Rolling Stone Album Guide calling
him the world's most "beloved heavy metal entertainer".
He is credited with helping to shape the sound and look of heavy
metal, and has been described as the artist who "first
introduced horror imagery to rock'n'roll, and whose stagecraft and
showmanship have permanently transformed the genre". Away
from music, Cooper is a film actor, a golfing celebrity, a
restaurateur, and, since 2004, a popular radio DJ with his classic
rock show Nights with Alice Cooper. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Terror:
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict DVD MP4 Video Download
February 4, 1969: The Arab-Israeli
Conflict: Arab Nationalism: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
Palestinian Nationalism: The Palestine Liberation Organization
(PLO): -- Yasser Arafat is elected chairman of the Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO) when the Palestinian National
Council (PNC) convened in Cairo on February 3 votes for Arafat as
the replacement for Chairman Yahya Hammuda who stepped down as
chairman; he would remain in that position until his death in
2004. Two years later, Arafat became Commander-in-Chief of the
Palestinian Revolutionary Forces; in 1973, he became the head of
the PLO's political department; he was President of the
Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004; and he was
a founding member of the militant Fatah political party, which he
led from 1959 until 2004. Ideologically an Arab nationalist and a
socialist, Yasser Arafat was born Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel
Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini on either August 4 or August 24,
1929 to Palestinian parents in Cairo, Egypt, where he spent most
of his youth and studied at the University of King Fuad I. While a
student, he embraced Arab nationalist and anti-Zionist ideas.
Opposed to the 1948 creation of the State of Israel, he fought
alongside the Muslim Brotherhood during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Following the defeat of Arab forces, Arafat returned to Cairo and
served as president of the General Union of Palestinian Students
from 1952 to 1956. In the latter part of the 1950s, Arafat
co-founded Fatah, a paramilitary organization seeking the removal
of Israel and its replacement with a Palestinian state. Fatah
operated within several Arab countries, from where it launched
attacks on Israeli targets. In the latter part of the 1960s
Arafat's profile grew; in 1967 he joined the Palestinian
Liberation Organization (PLO) and in 1969 was elected chair of the
Palestinian National Council (PNC). Fatah's growing presence in
Jordan resulted in military clashes with King Hussein's Jordanian
government and in the early 1970s it relocated to Lebanon. There,
Fatah assisted the Lebanese National Movement during the Lebanese
Civil War and continued its attacks on Israel, resulting in it
becoming a major target of Israel's 1978 and 1982 invasions. From
1983 to 1993, Arafat based himself in Tunisia, and began to shift
his approach from open conflict with the Israelis to negotiation.
In 1988, he acknowledged Israel's right to exist and sought a
two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In 1994 he
returned to Palestine, settling in Gaza City and promoting
self-governance for the Palestinian territories. He engaged in a
series of negotiations with the Israeli government to end the
conflict between it and the PLO. These included the Madrid
Conference of 1991, the 1993 Oslo Accords and the 2000 Camp David
Summit. The success of the negotiations in Oslo led to Arafat
being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, alongside Israeli Prime
Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, in 1994. At the time,
Fatah's support among the Palestinians declined with the growth of
Hamas and other militant rivals. In late 2004, after effectively
being confined within his Ramallah compound for over two years by
the Israeli army, Arafat fell into a coma and died. While the
cause of Arafat's death has remained the subject of speculation,
investigations by Russian and French teams determined no foul play
was involved. Arafat remains a highly controversial figure.
Palestinians generally view him as a martyr who symbolized the
national aspirations of his people. Israelis regarded him as a
terrorist. Palestinian rivals, including Islamists and several PLO
leftists, frequently denounced him as corrupt or too submissive in
his concessions to the Israeli government. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
February 4, 1974: Terrorism: Terrorism In
The United States: The Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) (The
United Federated Forces Of The Symbionese Liberation Army): The
Kidnapping Of Patty Hearst: -- The Symbionese Liberation Army
kidnaps newspaper heiress Patty Hearst in Berkeley, California.
The United Federated Forces of the Symbionese Liberation Army
(commonly referred to simply as the SLA) was a small, American
far-left militant organization active between 1973 and 1975; it
claimed to be a vanguard movement. The FBI and wider American law
enforcement, considered the SLA to be the first terrorist
organization to rise from the American left. Six members died in a
May 1974 shootout with police in Los Angeles. The three surviving
fugitives recruited new members, but nearly all of them were
apprehended in 1975 and prosecuted. Hearst's kidnapping was partly
opportunistic, as she happened to live near the SLA hideout.
According to testimony at trial, the group's main intention was to
leverage the Hearst family's political influence to free two SLA
members who had been arrested for the killing in November 1973 of
Marcus Foster, Superintendent of Oakland Public Schools. They were
Russ Little and Joe Remiro. After the state refused to free the
men, the SLA demanded that Hearst's family distribute 70 USD worth
of food to every needy Californian - an operation that would cost
an estimated 400M USD. In response, Hearst's father took out a
loan and arranged the immediate donation of 2M USD;s worth of food
to the poor of the Bay Area for one year, in a project called
"People in Need." After the distribution descended into
chaos, the SLA refused to release Hearst. Patricia Campbell
Hearst, born February 20, 1954 in San Francisco, California, is
the granddaughter of American publishing magnate William Randolph
Hearst. She first became known for the events following her
kidnapping by the Symbionese Liberation Army. She was found and
arrested 19 months after being abducted, by which time she was a
fugitive wanted for serious crimes committed with members of the
group. She was held in custody, and there was speculation before
trial that her family's resources would enable her to avoid time
in prison. At her trial, the prosecution suggested that Hearst had
joined the Symbionese Liberation Army of her own volition.
However, she testified that she had been raped and threatened with
death while held captive. In 1976, she was convicted for the crime
of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years in prison, later reduced
to 7 years. Her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter,
and she was later pardoned by President Bill Clinton. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The New
3 Stooges Cartoons Show DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today's
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Neighbor Fred Rogers: Mister Rogers' Neighborhood DVD, MP4, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Steven
Wright: Wicker Chairs And Gravity (1990) DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Classics Vol. 8 DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today's
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Haiti:
Killing The Dream 1991 Haitian Coup + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Blood
In The Face Plus The New Nazis MP4 Video Download Or DVD
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: LBJ
1991 TV Documentary Series Lyndon Johnson DVD Download USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Global
Rivals: History Of Cold War w/Mavin Kalb DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today's
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Pictures: The Race For The Moon Photo CD, Download, USB Drive
Today's
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Today's
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Armstrong The All American Boy Radio MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB
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Carter: Symphony In Riffs DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
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Best Of Sunday Night Jools Holland & David Sanborn DVD, MP4,
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Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
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Steve Allen TV Shows MegaSet DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
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Best Of Sunday Night Jools Holland & David Sanborn DVD, MP4,
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